by Dr Matt Buchanan-Pascall, BVSc, Advanced GPCert (Orthopaedic surgery)
As a veterinarian, one of the most common—and often emotional—conditions I see in dogs is Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). It’s a spinal condition that can range from mild back pain to complete paralysis. Understandably, many pet owners struggle with the decision of whether to try conservative treatment or go straight to surgery. This article is here to help you understand the differences and try and make the best decision for your pet.
What Is IVDD?
IVDD occurs when the discs that sit between the vertebrae of your dog’s spine start to degenerate. These discs act as cushions, and when they bulge or rupture, they can compress the spinal cord—causing pain, nerve damage, or worse.
There are two main types:
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Hansen Type I: A sudden disc rupture, more common in breeds like Dachshunds, French Bulldogs, Beagles, and Cocker Spaniels and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.
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Hansen Type II: A slower, more chronic disc bulge, typically seen in larger or older dogs.
A Simple Decision Guide for Treatment
Here’s a general rule of thumb I share with clients:
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Grade 1–2: Start with conservative care if your pet is stable and improving.
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Grade 3: Consider surgery if there’s no progress in 24–48 hours or if symptoms are worsening.
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Grade 4–5: Surgery is strongly recommended—especially if your pet can’t feel their toes (deep pain negative).
IVDD Treatment Summary Table
| Grade | Symptoms | Treatment Recommendation | Prognosis with Surgery | Prognosis with Conservative Care |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pain only (no weakness) | Conservative | Excellent | Excellent (if strict rest followed) |
| 2 | Weak/wobbly walking, can still walk | Conservative | Excellent | Good–Excellent |
| 3 | Can move legs but can’t walk | Surgery usually recommended if no improvement in 24–48 hrs | Good–Excellent | Fair–Good |
| 4 | Can’t move legs, still has pain sensation | Surgery strongly recommended | Fair–Good | Poor–Fair |
| 5 | No movement or deep pain sensation | Emergency surgery (ideally <24 hrs) | Guarded, time critical | Poor |
Final Note
For more information on IVDD symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options please click here.
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can make a huge difference. If you’re unsure, please don’t hesitate to call the Advanced Vet Care Lane Cove team on 85527800 or book in an appointment online.