by Dr Matt Buchanan-Pascall

Osteosarcomas are the most common type of bone cancer we see in dogs at Advanced Vet Care Lane Cove. It is a serious diagnosis, but treatment options and prognosis have improved over the last few years. With early detection and working together to form a treatment plan, many dogs can maintain a good quality of life for a significant amount of time.

What Is Osteosarcoma?

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive cancer that originates in the bone. It most often affects the long bones of large and giant breeds—like the limbs of Greyhounds, Rottweilers, or Labrador Retrievers—but it can also occur in the jaw, spine, ribs, or pelvis.

This cancer tends to spread (metastasise), especially to the lungs, which is why prompt diagnosis and treatment are so important.

Signs and Symptoms

The most common sign is lameness or limping that doesn’t go away and seems to worsen quickly. You may also notice:

  • Swelling in the affected area

  • Pain or tenderness

  • Reluctance to walk, jump, or play

  • A noticeable mass or bony swelling

  • Sudden fracture (in cases where the tumor weakens the bone)

If you notice any of these signs, please call our team on 02 85527800 as soon as possible. We will have you seen as quickly as possible as early intervention can make a meaningful difference.

Diagnosing Osteosarcoma

Our vets at Advanced Vet Care Lane Cove work hard to diagnose osteosarcomas as quickly as possible. We will begin with a physical exam and X-rays of the affected area. On X-rays, osteosarcoma typically causes a characteristic “sunburst” pattern in the bone.

To confirm the diagnosis, we may then recommend:

  • Biopsy or fine-needle aspiration to collect cells for analysis

  • Chest X-rays or a CT scan to check for metastasis (especially to the lungs)

  • Bloodwork and urinalysis to assess your dog’s overall health

Treatment Options

Treatment for osteosarcoma aims to relieve pain, slow the progression of the disease, and extend your dog’s quality of life. The most effective approach usually combines surgery and chemotherapy.

1. Surgery

  • Amputation: For many dogs, removing the affected limb is the best option to control pain and eliminate the primary tumor. Most dogs adapt well to life on three legs—often far better than many owners expect.

2. Chemotherapy

Even after the tumor is removed, there is a high risk of metastasis. Chemotherapy can help slow the spread of cancer and is usually recommended following surgery. Common drugs include carboplatin, cisplatin, or doxorubicin. Dogs generally tolerate chemo much better than people—side effects are typically mild.

3. Palliative Care

If surgery or chemotherapy isn’t an option, there are still ways to help your dog feel more comfortable:

  • Pain management with medications like NSAIDs, gabapentin, or opioids

  • Radiation therapy to relieve bone pain

  • Bisphosphonates to strengthen bone and reduce pain

Prognosis

With surgery and chemotherapy, the average survival time is around 10–12 months, though some dogs live much longer—especially with early treatment. Without treatment, survival is typically limited to a few months, as the disease progresses and pain becomes harder to manage.

While osteosarcoma is a challenging diagnosis, many dogs continue to enjoy happy, meaningful time with their families during and after treatment.

Supporting You and Your Pet

Facing cancer is never easy. We’re here to guide you through every step—whether you choose aggressive treatment or focus on keeping your dog comfortable. Your bond with your pet is what matters most, and there is no one “right” decision—only what is best for you and your dog.

Please don’t hesitate to reach out to our team on 02 85527800 with questions or concerns. We’re here to help.